Sonnys Blues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonnys Blues - Essay Example This same characteristic is demonstrated in his unwillingness to consider the words of Sonny’s old friend outside the school. However, the seeds of change are already planted and hope for a different future is suggested in the narrator’s willingness to listen to Sonny in the end. Because of his previous inability to listen to others, the narrator created division between himself and his brother that prevented him from understanding the drug difficulties his brother was experiencing, yet his newfound willingness to try listening suggests hope for both brothers’ futures. Music emerges as a tremendous symbol of the narrator’s increasing ability to listen to what others are saying. This begins when he listens to a boy whistling as an escape from the angry laughter of the others. As the narrator listens more carefully to Sonny’s old friend, he begins to understand those around him at a greater depth and he begins to hear the music inside the bar. Just before Sonny finally risks telling his brother about his music gig at a bar that evening, Baldwin describes a touching scene in which the narrator observes a musical group on the sidewalk. He seems to be starting to understand the messages the music is conveying. Finally, although he’s never understood Sonny’s music before, the narrator agrees to try and does finally understand what is being said through Sonny’s music. Throughout the story, the narrator shows increasing growth in his ability to listen to others, symbolized through the music of the streets in which he and his brother exist. As the narrator begins to hear the underlying messages of the music around him, he can be seen to understand more of what his brother and others have been trying to tell him. Finally, his willingness to try to listen to Sonny reveals an ability to understand his brother’s music.

King James I Essay Example for Free

King James I Essay Brianna Ruiz Period 2 03-11-07 King James: Political and Personal Who is King James I? Many may know him as the man who translated the bible into the English language. Or the one who not only controlled English monarchy, but also the Scottish. Some may beg to differ, but, King James played an important role in history. According to Paul Van Somer, James was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Danley guaranteed him a spot to one day take the throne. Unfortunately his inheritance occurred sooner than expected. Soon after his birth, Lord Danley passed away under mysterious circumstances and his mother was forced to abdicate because of her future imprisonment. So there he was, 13 months old, and now the king of Scotland. As if becoming king wasnt enough, he had to grow up without a mother or father; instead he was raised by his tutor, George Buchanan. Although he despised Buchanan, James learned a lot from him, many have even said James was one of the most intellectual kings in England. Under Buchanans studies James learned how to speak fluent Greek, Latin, French, English and Scots. James was also well educated in history, composition, arithmetic, dialectics, rhetoric and theology. James had been born with many physical disabilities in which he had to suffer from most of his life. His handicaps consisted of leg disabilities and a tongue too large for his mouth. Because of this he often would choke on his own saliva and had a very noticeable lisp. James also suffered from crippling arthritis, abominable colic, gout, insomnia, spastic limbs, constant nausea/diarrhea and kidney pains. Bruce)Despite the fact that he was not the most physically gifted man, he was able to find a wife that loved him. When he was nineteen years old, he met the woman that would soon be his wife, Anne of Denmark. Together they had nine children, three of which lived past child birth. James and Anne had a great relationship together, even though James was allegedly bi-sexual. These allegations occurred soon after his somewhat intimate relationship with Esme Stuart, whom James crowned Duke of Lennox. According to Linda Bruce, these two men had a public homosexual relationship with each other. Despite these rumors, Anne and James continued to live their life, as a happily married couple. When one speaks of King James I, you cannot help but mention the fact that he strongly believed in the divine right of kings, which he was supposedly introduced to by Esme. This was the idea that kings or ruler was not chosen by the people, but instead they are given the opportunity to rule from god. God must have really wanted James to be a ruler, because when James was about 36 years old, his cousin, Elizabeth I had died. Since she did not have any other living relatives, the throne of England was passed down to James. Therefore causing James to become the first ruler to take over the thrones of both England and Scotland. After this sudden coronation, James felt it would be necessary that he moved, so he immediately packed his bags and moved to London, England his now permanent home. Within months after this sudden move, Scotland became sudden chaos. Things in England didnt end up too well either. Within immediate arrival to London, James had already sent a thief to be hanged without undergoing the proper trial. Along the trip to London he knighted 300 people, and within a time period of four months he had knighted more people than Elizabeth did during her entire reign. Another problem that the English did not appreciate, was that James did not know how to manage his money, so he was constantly spending money on expensive clothes and jewelry because of the assumption that England was a rich country Shortly after the kings shopping sprees, prices began to drastically rise. This obviously upset the people greatly; James even had to sell off some of the English land to pay off his debt. Along with the English, the Catholic Church was also greatly agitated with James. The Catholics and James have had conflicts for years, but once peace was declared between Spain, they assumed that James would finally let go of his anger with the church. James had even promised to decrease the amount of laws pertaining to the Catholics and to get rid of the fines that they would have to pay for attending sermons. James did not fulfill his promises and reinstated the old laws. This enraged the Catholics and they decided to get revenge and summon up a plot to blow up the House of the Lords, if theyre plan was successful everyone inside the house would be killed. The House of the Lords was warned about this plot, and before anything happened they imprisoned most of the plotters.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome To Amputate Or Not Nursing Essay

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome To Amputate Or Not Nursing Essay Abstract Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is pain syndrome confined to one or more limbs, usually occurring after trauma. The cause of CRPS remains unknown and its diagnosis is based upon a set of clinical signs and symptoms: the Budapest Criteria (figure 1). CRPS is characterised by the presence of limb pain associated with sensory, motor, autonomic, skin and bone changes. It is often resistant to treatment and its clinic course is difficult to predict. Early diagnosis and treatment from a multidisciplinary team is associated with the best outcome. In the UK there has been recent guidelines published to aid the diagnosis and treatment of CRPS. The mainstay of this treatment is physiotherapy, patient education and the medical management of pain. The patient in this case was scheduled to undergo an amputation of the affected limb prior to trying any of the above management, indeed prior to even being diagnosed with CRPS. Amputation for the treatment of CRPS is controversial. Evidence based guide lines regarding CRPS currently state that there is insufficient evidence to prove that amputation positively contributes to the treatment of the patient. It also runs the risk of the patient suffering from phantom limb pain or CRPS recurring in the stump or contralateral limb. If indeed CRPS is a sympathetically mediated neuropathic pain, as proposed, surgery to the area is likely to aggravate the condition. Tissue damage locally will result in the release of inflammatory neurokines leading to up regulation of the immune and nervous system. Amputation in the presence of CRPS can only therefore be justified in the treatment of therapy-resistant infection after other treatment options have been explored. Even more pertinent to this case was that the patient had never tried more conventional treatment options before an amputation was decided upon. Case Presentation Referral Information Patient JM was referred by Dr FJ, consultant in rehabilitation medicine as a query diagnosis of CRPS of his right lower limb. JM was scheduled to have a Symmes amputation, under a Professor MS a consultant orthopaedic surgeon, two weeks after this referral was made. Questionaire Scores MPSQ 8 Mod Zung 21 Current Problem JM complained of gradually worsening pain in right ankle and foot over a twenty-four month period. He scored his pain from 2-8/10 worse on light touch, cold weather and at the end of the day. The pain was accompanied by decreased motor function, oedema, an increase in sweating and skin colour changes in the limb. He described his pain as like a really bad tooth ache especially worse when the limb was swollen and only decreased by rest and elevation. He described a dropping sensation in the foot despite it being fused at the ankle which causes such severe pain it has at times caused him to vomit. Background History JM was born with a congenitally abnormal right tibia. As a child he underwent multiple operations on his right ankle. He has had two osteotomies, a bone graft and Lizorov frame and a triple arthrodesis at this ankle joint. Past Medical History JM has no other medical problems. Drug History Dihydrocodine 30mg four times a day. No other medication tried. Family History No family medical history of note. Mum and Dad alive and well. Social History JM lives with his parents and works in IT full time from an office at home. He feels that his career progression has been halted over the last few years as his pain has increased and his function worsened. He has an active social life and close family support. He played regular tennis until the pain in his ankle increased a few years ago but hasnt been able to play since 2010. He denies any depression or anxiety although finds his functional limitations frustrating. His mother attended his first clinic appointment and was extremely upset and anxious when it was suggested that her son try medical treatment options before resorting to a Symmes amputation. She felt that JM had gone through a lot of psychological distress coming to terms with the prospect of having his leg amputated at the foot and was fully decided this was the best course of action only for that decision to be questioned. JM didnt have any expectations of the pain clinic other than to help him reduce his pain to a liva ble level. The main reasons given by the Orthopeadic team for amputation was functional: to improve his gait and in the long run reduce possible arthritic changes developing due to his poor posture. Examination Findings JMs right lower limb on inspection was swollen from below the knee, with a pale discolouration and multiple operation scars at the ankle. There were noticeable trophic changes in the nails of the right foot but no hair or skin changes locally. His right ankle is fused in fixed dorsi flexion. On palpation it is cooler to touch and clammy when compared to the left lower leg and ankle. JM is tender to light touch over the medial aspect of the right ankle. The right knee has normal and has a good range of movement. Diagnostic Formulation JMs right ankle is positive for the Budapest Diagnostic Criteria for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Sensory Allodynia Hyperalgesia Vasomotor Temperature asymmetry Skin colour changes Skin colour asymmetry Sudomoter / Oedema Oedema Sweating changes Sweating asymmetry Motor / Trophic Decreased range of movement Motor dysfunction Trophic changes (hair/skin/nails) For the patient to be positive for CRPS with the Budapest criteria they must have continuing pain which is disproportionate to the eliciting event and have: More than one sign in two or more of the categories above AND More than one symptom in three or more of the categories above AND No other diagnosis that could better explain their signs and symptoms. JM has all of the italic signs and symptoms above and no other diagnosis that could better explain his symptoms. JM had also undergone a bone density scan of the right leg showing osteopenia and an xray showing arthritic changes to the deformed and fused ankle joint. Therefore a diagnosis of CRPS of his right lower limb was made. Subsequent Management JM was started on lignocaine 5% patches. Communications were also made with the other consultants involved in JMs care (orthopaedics and rehabilitation medicine). The orthopaedic team were keen to point out that the benefits of the surgery were functional and that even if JM were to become pain free with conservative treatment then it would not solve his functional problems. At follow up one month after starting the lignocaine 5 % patches JM was managing extremely well. His pain was down to a manageable level and by wearing the patches he could function nearly normally. He is now walking without a stick and had managed to return to playing tennis and had attended a work conference. He had decided against having the amputation and was happy to carry on with the current medical management of his condition. Further treatment options, should his pain flair up again, were discussed. These included IVRA (intravenous regional anaesthesia) and a spinal cord stimulator. Discussion CRPS is a pain syndrome with an unclear pathophysiology and unpredictable clinical course. The diagnosis of CRPS is based upon a set of signs and symptoms derived from the history and examination of the patient. The treatment of CRPS is aimed at improving function and requires the use of a interdisciplinary team encompassing physiotherapy, psychological therapies and pain management. The management of CRPS depends on prompt diagnosis and early management as response to treatment is adversely affected by any delays. In the UK recent guidelines have been developed for the diagnosis and management in the context of both primary and secondary care (2). JM in this case had been managed primarily by an orthopaedic team who had not linked his symptoms with a diagnosis of CRPS. CRPSs management requires a multidisciplinary approach based upon the published Four Pillars of Intervention (3). The Four Pillars of Treatment for CRPS Patient information and education Patients should be provided with appropriate education about CRPS to support self management Patients should be reassured the physical and occupational therepy are safe and appropriate and engaged in the process of goal setting and review Pain relief (medication and procedure) No individual drug can be recommended at current time due to lack of evidence but the following may be considered a)neuropathic pain medication b)pamidronate 60mg iv single dose in pts with CRPS

Cambodia - The Rise of the Khmer Rouge and the Genocide (1976-1978) Ess

During the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia was turned into a giant labor camp creating a system of terror, genocide, and attempted cultural annihilation-a series of drastic events that the country is still recovering from. The years contained within this regime were devastating for the nation of Cambodia, with the establishment of the Khmer Rouge, a left-wing Communist political party whose actions have had an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on the political, economic and social structure of Cambodia-ruining the lives of millions. As a strong communist organization with aims for Cambodia that would leave the country in dire need of help, the Khmer Rouge defectively impacted the easy-going life Cambodians knew. With much determination, the Khmer Rouge was an insurgent movement of varying ideological backgrounds developed against the Lon Nol regime in 1960 (Rowat 2006). It began as a left-wing organization made up of a small group of French educated communists, but soon grew to become Cambodia?s leading and most influential political party. Following the establishment of the party, the Khmer Rouge?s revolutionary army grew rapidly, aiming to consolidate its control taking over most of the country (Dennis 1988). Their leader Pol Pot was an admirer of Maoist communism, which is where the group?s strong communist ideas originated. Pol Pot?s ideologies for the future of Cambodia were truly corrupted and powerfully triggered the downfall of the nation of Cambodia (Peace Pledge Union 2007). Pol Pot wanted to wipe out all traces of the old Cambodia and start a new society, one that was strictly ordered and structured by a series of rules. With the Khmer Rouge becoming even more powerful in the very late 1960s, US bombers interfered to st... ... 30 000 Vietnamese. In December of 1977, the Khmer Rouge broke off diplomatic relations with Vietnam, who retaliated with an attack 30 km into Cambodia in 1978 (Sutherland 1990, p. 158). Upon occupation, the Vietnamese were welcomed at first by the Cambodians as their saviours from the Khmer Rouge extremists (Sutherland 1990, p. 161). During the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia was turned into a giant labour camp creating a system of terror, genocide, and attempted cultural annihilation, a series of drastic events that the country is still recovering from. The years contained within this regime were devastating for the nation of Cambodia, with the establishment of the Khmer Rouge, a left-wing Communist political party whose actions have had an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on the political, economic and social structure of Cambodia, ruining the lives of millions.

Honesty Is The Best Policy

It is clear that the area of nanomedical applications and nanoparticulate pharmaceutical delivery advances will elaborate tremendously in the near future. Nanogel-drug formulations will be farther assessed in application to other drug consignment paths, such as oral, aerosolic or transdermal administration. A undertaking submission for nanogel-encapsulated NTP is aerosolic pulmonary drug consignment. In this mode of management, the fastest and most direct pharmaceutical delivery can be achieved, particularly for the treatment of lung cancerous disease and pulmonary diseases such as influenza, which are expanding worldwide.`Aerosolic drug-loaded nanogel particles can be easily administered deep into the lungs at first signals of infection. This timely remedy will save the airway epithelium from rapid degradation and development of critical secondary infections. Specific aimed at nanogels will be evolved as shortly as novel receptors and ligands are found out in the disease/virus-affec ted tissues and body parts. On the other hand, powerful metal-chelating properties of nanogels can provide added modalities in post-synthetic modifications of the carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic reason. Subsequent study will reveal the genuine potential of nanogels and nanogel formulations with nucleoside analogs in accomplishing more convoluted aims associated with methodical preclinical studies.Name of the Research Groups Contact Details Area of Research Dr Todd R. Hoare Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, CanadaOffice: JHE A409 email: [email  protected] Investigating nanogels which change their dimensions, their affinity with other chemicals in their environment, or their optical properties upon controlled changes to the gel environmentSiegwart Research group, The University of TexasGeneral Address 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-8807 Office Pho ne: 214-645-6354 [email  protected] Siegwart LabPrepartion of cationic nanogel for nucleic acid delivery. The O’Hern Group,Yale School Of Engineering and Applied ScienceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering | Yale University | P. O. Box 208286 | New Haven, CT 06520-8286 Self-assembly of protein nanogels, and the structural and mechanical properties of cells and tissues.Name of the Research Groups Contact Details Area of Research Marina Resmini’s research group Queen Mary University Of London Queen Mary University Of London Mile End Road London E14NS TEL:+ 44(0) 2078825555 Polymeric Nanogels .New Junior Research GroupFreie UniversityFreie Università ¤t Berlin Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18 14195 Berlin Germany University Telephone Exchange: + 49 / 30 / 838-1Investigates Nanogels for Cancer TherapyGeorgia institute of technology group AtlantaGeorgia Institute of Technology North Ave. Atlanta, Georgia 30332Development of drug delivery vehicles for macromolecular therapeutics

Free Essays on Open Lunch Survey

Open Lunch The Students’ Point of View â€Å"Lunch period is a closed period which means that students cannot leave the school premises. Once a student arrives on school property they may not leave the campus grounds without a permit signed by an administrator or school nurse,† (the Simley High School Student Handbook.) According to a survey given to Smiley High School students, 98% of the students surveyed think we should be able to leave for open lunch. â€Å" It would be nice to go somewhere else and get a different variety of foods,† one student responded. Only 2% of the students surveyed think we should not have an open lunch. â€Å" It would be so hectic in the parking lot for kids to leave, and by the time you got somewhere, there would be no time to eat.† With open lunch, the option of either eating at a fast food restaurant or at home opens up to students. Sixty-six percent of the students surveyed thought that they would eat at home. â€Å" So many people would go to the fast food restaurants that they would be too crowded for my pleasure,† one student responded. The other 34% of the students surveyed thought that they would prefer to eat at a fast food restaurant. â€Å" Fast food is closer,† was a common response among students. A very controversial topic in dealing with open lunch is whether or not to give each grade the privilege to leave or to only allow the upperclassman to leave. The results show that 95% of the students surveyed do not think all grades should have the opportunity to leave for lunch. â€Å" Just Juniors and Seniors should be able to leave, it should be a privilege everyone gets to have once they are upperclassman, then students would appreciate and respect it more than if they were underclassman, responded one student. The remaining 5% of the students surveyed supported all grades being allowed to leave for open lunch. â€Å" It’s only fair for every... Free Essays on Open Lunch Survey Free Essays on Open Lunch Survey Open Lunch The Students’ Point of View â€Å"Lunch period is a closed period which means that students cannot leave the school premises. Once a student arrives on school property they may not leave the campus grounds without a permit signed by an administrator or school nurse,† (the Simley High School Student Handbook.) According to a survey given to Smiley High School students, 98% of the students surveyed think we should be able to leave for open lunch. â€Å" It would be nice to go somewhere else and get a different variety of foods,† one student responded. Only 2% of the students surveyed think we should not have an open lunch. â€Å" It would be so hectic in the parking lot for kids to leave, and by the time you got somewhere, there would be no time to eat.† With open lunch, the option of either eating at a fast food restaurant or at home opens up to students. Sixty-six percent of the students surveyed thought that they would eat at home. â€Å" So many people would go to the fast food restaurants that they would be too crowded for my pleasure,† one student responded. The other 34% of the students surveyed thought that they would prefer to eat at a fast food restaurant. â€Å" Fast food is closer,† was a common response among students. A very controversial topic in dealing with open lunch is whether or not to give each grade the privilege to leave or to only allow the upperclassman to leave. The results show that 95% of the students surveyed do not think all grades should have the opportunity to leave for lunch. â€Å" Just Juniors and Seniors should be able to leave, it should be a privilege everyone gets to have once they are upperclassman, then students would appreciate and respect it more than if they were underclassman, responded one student. The remaining 5% of the students surveyed supported all grades being allowed to leave for open lunch. â€Å" It’s only fair for every... Free Essays on Open Lunch Survey Open Lunch The Students’ Point of View â€Å"Lunch period is a closed period which means that students cannot leave the school premises. Once a student arrives on school property they may not leave the campus grounds without a permit signed by an administrator or school nurse,† (the Simley High School Student Handbook.) According to a survey given to Smiley High School students, 98% of the students surveyed think we should be able to leave for open lunch. â€Å" It would be nice to go somewhere else and get a different variety of foods,† one student responded. Only 2% of the students surveyed think we should not have an open lunch. â€Å" It would be so hectic in the parking lot for kids to leave, and by the time you got somewhere, there would be no time to eat.† With open lunch, the option of either eating at a fast food restaurant or at home opens up to students. Sixty-six percent of the students surveyed thought that they would eat at home. â€Å" So many people would go to the fast food restaurants that they would be too crowded for my pleasure,† one student responded. The other 34% of the students surveyed thought that they would prefer to eat at a fast food restaurant. â€Å" Fast food is closer,† was a common response among students. A very controversial topic in dealing with open lunch is whether or not to give each grade the privilege to leave or to only allow the upperclassman to leave. The results show that 95% of the students surveyed do not think all grades should have the opportunity to leave for lunch. â€Å" Just Juniors and Seniors should be able to leave, it should be a privilege everyone gets to have once they are upperclassman, then students would appreciate and respect it more than if they were underclassman, responded one student. The remaining 5% of the students surveyed supported all grades being allowed to leave for open lunch. â€Å" It’s only fair for every...

How to Grow Your Own Quartz Crystals

How to Grow Your Own Quartz Crystals Quartz crystals are silicon dioxide, SiO2. Pure quartz crystals are colorless, but impurities in the structure lead to beautifully colored gems, including amethyst, rose quartz, and citrine. Most natural quartz crystallizes from magma or precipitates from hot hydrothermal veins. Although man-made quartz is produced, the process requires heat not generally possible in a home setting. Its not a crystal most people want to try to grow at home  since perfect crystals require  specialized equipment. Synthesized quartz is made using the hydrothermal process in an autoclave. You probably dont have one of those in your kitchen, but you may have a smaller equivalenta pressure cooker. Growing Crystals With a Pressure Cooker If you are truly determined to grow quartz crystals at home, you can grow small crystals by heating silicic acid in a pressure cooker. Silicic acid can be made by reacting quartz with water or by  acidification of sodium silicate in aqueous solution. The main problem with either technique is that silicic acid has a tendency to turn into silica gel. However, it is possible to synthesize quartz crystals with a pressure cooker. In 1845, the German geologist Karl Emil von Schafhutl succeeded in making quartz the first crystal grown by hydrothermal synthesis. Modern techniques can be used to grow large single crystals, but you shouldnt expect fabulous gems from a home canning system. Similar Alternatives Fortunately, there are similar-looking crystals you can grow at home. One rather spectacular option is to make a fulgurite, which is the glassy shape made by a lightning strike or other electrical discharge into sand. If youre seeking a large colorless crystal to grow, try alum crystals.

The Weather Underground Essay Example

The Weather Underground Essay Example The Weather Underground Essay The Weather Underground Essay Essay Topic: Black Panther Film Name: Course: Instructor: Date: The Weather Underground The film, Weather Underground, is a 2002 documentary based on the American radical organization, The Weathermen. The film, based on real life events characterizing the American political system narrated the ascent and descent of the organization employing the use of archived footage from 1969. Directed by Bill Siegel and Sam Green, the documentary explored the lives of a few young people waging war against the United States Government, who would eventually be inaugurated from college activists to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s most wanted. Reactions to the film Centered on a political theme, the Weather Underground elicited various but profound reactions. At a time where the United States government was largely involved in the Vietnam War, most Americans were aware of the violence that escalated but could not do anything about the bloodshed. Negative rejoinders were centered on criticizing the group’s violent tactics oninnocent government officials asserting that the youth carried out politics that was misguided. Furthermore, negative reactions stemmed because of the revelries the youth engaged in at college such as sex and drugs asserting that the youth were idle and thus wanted action. However, some reactions praise the efforts of the Weathermen. Most of the reactions deem them as the pioneers of activism and American revolutionaries addressing the repressive tactics of the government to silence the discontentment of the American citizens. Political Views The main theme of the film was on politics. The documentary, though portraying the lives of the Weathermen in 1969, addressed the polarization of the political situation in America between the 1960s and the 1970s. The schism was becoming more acute characterized by the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Movement, which pressed the government. Such strong issues led to the creation of various youth political movements such as the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) who utilized peaceful protest methods to protest against the Vietnam War. The movements also protested against the role of the United States government in addressing racism because it was profound at that time, especially against the African American community. Furthermore, the movements criticizing the government eventually portrayed the dictatorial side of the government, which used law enforcement agencies such as the police to suppress the efforts of the activists. Storyline The documentary focuses on the lives of a group of college activists bent on addressing the government’s involvement in the Vietnam War and the repression of the Civil Rights Movement. Such issues led to the rise of youth movements who employed peaceful protest techniques to address the political issues. However, some factions of the movements found it ineffective to express peaceful dissent against the government. This notion eventually led to the separation of a group of college activists from the youth political movement, SDS, who advocated for the use of extremist approaches, which the government could not risk ignoring. The group, which would later become known as the Weathermen, joined together with another extremist group, The Black Panthers, and begun participating in street riots and even proceeded to bombing buildings and further planning to bomb government representatives. Eventually, the group became most wanted according to the FBI, undergoing violent suppression tactics and eventually being forced to go underground. The Weathermen will continue being emulated in America’s political history as the voice of a distressed nation. Presently, people are able to form movements that criticize the government without ear of suppression once they express dissent. Furthermore, the group indirectly raised awareness on the privileges and rights accorded by the United States Constitution such as the freedom of association, which at that time the government censored. Without such influential movements, activism and democracy would be devoid of the United States.

Motivation and Self Regulation in Learning Essay

Motivation and Self Regulation in Learning - Essay Example (Ablard and Lipschultz, 1998) Self-regulatory processes can only work if students have the ability to organize themselves and stick to it with great determination and will power. It seems that the major cause of underachievement is the lack of self-control of students. For those children who have a do not have the confidence it takes to have faith in their own abilities, setting goals can lead to positive outcomes as the achievement of these goals influence students' task persistence and problem-solving efforts. Research has proved that for self-regulation to be truly effective students need to have goals and keep assessing their goals and how close they are to achieve their goals. There are many issues to address while assessing goals such as what exactly is it that the student wants to achieve, how difficult is it to achieve that particular goal and how close the student is to achieving the goal. Such evaluation acts as a continuous reality check and encourages students to keep working towards their goals. Another major problem that people often face is that they don't set their goals correctly. They don't weight the time factor in enough. Procrastination is a huge issue here. They seem to think they have all the time in the world and keep putting what they have to do off until the last minute. This may also be due to distractions such as the television or friends. No matter what the reason it results in their goals remaining unachieved. Sometimes students do weight the time factor in and then when they realize that their goals might take a very long time to achieve, they refuse to set such goals. "Students become more motivated when goals are "in sight" or proximal, rather than when the goals seem to be a long way off (this last point may be particularly true for low-achieving children)." (Shunk and Zimmerman 1994) When the goals seem a too long way the opposite is true. This can happen when students set goals that are not practical and unrealistically extraordinary. The simple task of imagining what the achieving the goal will take can make students crumble and not even bother to take the first step towards completing their goal. Goals that are within the student's reach should be set so that the student can see himself or herself actually achieving that goal and the path to achieving the goal will be embarked upon easily. This should be especially noted for students who are setting goals for the first time. If they are discouraged, frustrated and disappointed right at the beginning they will not be inclined to set goals again. Once they start achieving their goals, higher and higher goals can be set each time. Now they will have the confidence to embark on achieving even the highest goals because of the good success rate they have enjoyed. A few failures will disappoint them but will not dishearten them from goal setting entirely. The confidence an d sense of enthusiasm receive from achieving their earlier goals will keep pushing them to keep trying. This tie in with the learning theory of the classical conditioning. The success experienced acts as a positive rein forcer. "A positive rein forcer is anything pleasurable which increase the probability of a

Microsoft Organisation - Overview, Challenges, Recommendations Research Paper

Microsoft Organisation - Overview, Challenges, Recommendations - Research Paper Example Unfortunately, an antitrust case was filed by the US Justice Department. The government argued that the customer must have a choice to choose products in a competitive market. It was not right on Microsoft's part to monopolise not only the operating systems market but also plan to do the same for the browser by porting their browser to the operating system. " Microsoft's share of the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems has stood above ninety per cent. For the last couple of years, the figure has been at least ninety-five per cent, and analysts project that the share will climb even higher over the next few years. Even if Apple's Mac OS were included in the relevant market, Microsoft's share would still stand well above eighty per cent." Microsoft was set up as a company to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, a microcomputer design from 1975, based on the Intel 8080 CPU and sold as a mail-order kit through advertisements in hobbyist magazines. The ris e and popularity of home computers are attributed to Altair 8800. This was a turning point for Microsoft. With the growing popularity of home computers, Microsoft had started to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s. Microsoft has been a real wealth creator for its employees and shareholders. Statistics show that subscribing to shares of Microsoft has made four billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Microsoft has footholds in other markets besides operating systems and office suites, with assets such as the MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia3.  

Bernard Arnault's Leadership Style Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bernard Arnault's Leadership Style - Case Study Example Louis Vuitton was a family run business in those days and in mid Eighties and he had to fight a bitter battle to gain control of this company. His appreciators say that he has inborn vision of clever marketing, creative designs and knows how to keep a tight control over his empire without a single slackening moment. He knows how to conduct global business with an uncanny ability and stopped further acquisitions when time was unfavourable. His leadership style is highly appreciated in the Corporate world. Entry into luxury marketing needs powerful backing and he received it from the French government which was looking for someone to take over the textile empire. It is said that the sale of his Mediterranean home made him exclaim that "When something has to be done, do it! In France we are full of good ideas, but we rarely put them into practice" (Forbes, June 2, 19971). His powerful friend Antoine Bernheim, MD of investment firm Lazard Freres arranged finance and family arranged $15 million of their own money and the total was used to buy Dior, which he said was the potential cornerstone of 'luxury-goods supermarket'. Also it is believed to be a brutal rise to power with opportunistic leadership strategies in which Henry Racamier, the former chairman of LVMH's Louis Vuitton was eliminated along with all top executives. His dicision making is ruthless, almost vicious and full of calculated risk taking. He knew how to balance commerce and artistry by involving both sound management practices with creativity. He was careful to be choosy when it came to picking his managers. "He believed that to raise creative energy, a company must have managers with a certain love for and understanding of artists" and he hired John Galliano, who could create unusually melodramatic unconventional designs" http://www.answers.com/topic/bernard-arnault The old business house changed its profile overnight to display the most brilliant artistry. A trained pianist, Arnault always maintained a creative eye and created a name for himself as the most unique CEO of the world. He insisted on financial discipline without curbing artistic innovation because he thought creativity counterbalances the commerce. He could be an autocrat and showed it when he terminated services of Dior perfumes heads to replace them with new US executives who became unpopular while company financially gained and this move resulted in some of the timeless most enduring 'star brands' which he explained: "Our strategy is to have some stars-and there are not many stars in the luxury business. What is a star It's a name that is the very best. It's a name that is very profitable. But the number of true stars is less than I can count on both of my hands" (New York Times, March 25, 2001). He went on a bourgeoisie shopping spree and indulged himself while amassing a business empire par excellence which spread all over the western world. He was advised against too large an expansion, but he believed in himself and came out a winner. He referred to the competitors in one of his interviews: "They saw it was working. And then they said, 'Okay, now we are going to do the same thing.' I think, really, they underestimate the difficulty. They underestimate

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Case study - Essay Example VR offer users with a leeway of performing tasks safely, unlike traditional rehabilitation programs that are repetitive and thus reduce patient’s motivation. It provides patients with specific environments to fit their needs as well as accommodate training in different phases. Re-learning of motor functions includes repetition as the task is connected to sensorial feedback that requires motivation that may take the form of game format during therapy. In addition, specialists have the ability to track and save data that is helpful for monitoring and managing a patient’s therapy. To test the hypothesis, the researcher developed the HYPER project for rehabilitating motor disorders by producing neurorobotics (NR) and motor neuroprosthetics (MNP). However, HYPER was limited to the use of many cables, prompting the use of Kinect, a wireless and promising technology, whose tracking has to be measured. Further, a combination of Brain Computer Interface and virtual reality possible creates a personalized environment that can study brain signals that help in assessing the progress of the patient undergoing therapy. From the case study, it is evident that the introduction of new technology that encompass games for therapeutic use offer numerous challenges, but perform better compared to traditional

Socio-Technical Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socio-Technical Systems - Term Paper Example The most significant characteristic of a Socio-Technical is that â€Å"it values both effectiveness and humankind†. Such a system is important because it works in a way that can eliminate the unethical aspects of technology. It works to attain technological brilliance and an enhanced and quality work from labor force. It scrutinizes different projects thoroughly before working on them in order to cut down their negative and unscrupulous traits. Such a system works according to the modern world by taking advantage technology but on the other hand these systems also consider individual welfare. By compiling human force and technology such system builds up a ground which can develop and prosper easily if it uses its human and technological resources efficiently. Joint collaboration, communication and cooperation are major goals of a socio-technical system. Some common examples of socio-technical systems are a factory and a hospital where a variety of employees work together under different groups and teams and use technical equipment such as spinning machines or X-Ray machines etc to perform their tasks. Collaboration and agreement between the members of these groups and teams are necessary for fluid operating system.

Public Health Problem & Solution Paper Research

Public Health Problem & Solution - Research Paper Example The point of this paper is also to establish the biomedical basis, the environmental factors, social and behavioral factors, and solutions which surround the problem. This paper also seeks to define depression, to provide evidence of the problem and then assess, to discuss the solutions which have already been implemented to solve it, and to determine what else can be done in order to resolve it. This paper should be read because it sets forth important information about the disease which can be used by health care professionals in their assessment and treatment of the disease. This paper should be read because it helps call the attention of most individuals on the possible symptoms of depression and how these symptoms may not be noticed by the depressed person himself. This paper should be read because it helps further the discussion on how this disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated most likely, in the primary care environment (Sheehan, 2004). This paper should be read because even as more patients are seeking help for their depression and even with the increase in the use of antidepressants, the treatment of this disease remains inadequate and in order to remedy this situation, patients, providers, payers, employers, accrediting agencies, and governmental agencies have to be involved in the process (Sheehan, 2004). The issue of depression should be considered a crucial issue because it carries the risk for suicide. In cases where it is undiagnosed and untreated, depression can later lead to the patient’s attempts at and possible success in committing suicide. Most people affected by this disease are older adults. Figures indicate that suicide rates for older Americans are high (Cody, 2004). Some of these older adults often visit their physicians in the month leading up to their suicide and during these times, they often manifest with depressed symptoms (Cody, 2004). These older adults often understand and feel like

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

Case study - Essay Example VR offer users with a leeway of performing tasks safely, unlike traditional rehabilitation programs that are repetitive and thus reduce patient’s motivation. It provides patients with specific environments to fit their needs as well as accommodate training in different phases. Re-learning of motor functions includes repetition as the task is connected to sensorial feedback that requires motivation that may take the form of game format during therapy. In addition, specialists have the ability to track and save data that is helpful for monitoring and managing a patient’s therapy. To test the hypothesis, the researcher developed the HYPER project for rehabilitating motor disorders by producing neurorobotics (NR) and motor neuroprosthetics (MNP). However, HYPER was limited to the use of many cables, prompting the use of Kinect, a wireless and promising technology, whose tracking has to be measured. Further, a combination of Brain Computer Interface and virtual reality possible creates a personalized environment that can study brain signals that help in assessing the progress of the patient undergoing therapy. From the case study, it is evident that the introduction of new technology that encompass games for therapeutic use offer numerous challenges, but perform better compared to traditional

Public Health Problem & Solution Paper Research

Public Health Problem & Solution - Research Paper Example The point of this paper is also to establish the biomedical basis, the environmental factors, social and behavioral factors, and solutions which surround the problem. This paper also seeks to define depression, to provide evidence of the problem and then assess, to discuss the solutions which have already been implemented to solve it, and to determine what else can be done in order to resolve it. This paper should be read because it sets forth important information about the disease which can be used by health care professionals in their assessment and treatment of the disease. This paper should be read because it helps call the attention of most individuals on the possible symptoms of depression and how these symptoms may not be noticed by the depressed person himself. This paper should be read because it helps further the discussion on how this disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated most likely, in the primary care environment (Sheehan, 2004). This paper should be read because even as more patients are seeking help for their depression and even with the increase in the use of antidepressants, the treatment of this disease remains inadequate and in order to remedy this situation, patients, providers, payers, employers, accrediting agencies, and governmental agencies have to be involved in the process (Sheehan, 2004). The issue of depression should be considered a crucial issue because it carries the risk for suicide. In cases where it is undiagnosed and untreated, depression can later lead to the patient’s attempts at and possible success in committing suicide. Most people affected by this disease are older adults. Figures indicate that suicide rates for older Americans are high (Cody, 2004). Some of these older adults often visit their physicians in the month leading up to their suicide and during these times, they often manifest with depressed symptoms (Cody, 2004). These older adults often understand and feel like

Christian and Islamic Art Essay Example for Free

Christian and Islamic Art Essay Christian and Islamic Art The difference between Islamic art and Christian art is that Christian art is of human objects and forms while Islamic art portrays the meaning and reflection of things. Unlike Christian art, people do not appear on Islamic art. Unlike Christian art, Islam art does not include pictures and statues of Prophets and Gods. Christian art however, brings religious forms and images to life. It represents spiritual beliefs through illustrated scenes from the life of Jesus. It gives us images of biblical episodes and even carries on stories and images of those now deceased. The Catacombs (Christian burials) represents the final resting place for Christians. It represents ultimate love, sacrifice and triumph. When I first entered into the Catacombs of Rome, I remember walking down into the catacomb and feeling bit nervous as I was surrounded by darkness. It was dark, humid, smelly and yet, so beautiful! There were religious carvings on the inside that almost looked like chalk drawings. The clearest memory I have is visiting the section where the martyrs were buried and putting myself in their position. Would I have been so brave? In Islam, calligraphy is a major Islamic art form. Writing, books, geometry and patterns are most important. In Islam art, geography reflects the language of the world and most importantly, it reflects their spiritualism. A circle for example has no end and represents infinity. It represents never ending love. For Islam, the circle is a reminder that Allah is infinite. My Muslim brother-in-law, born in Lebanon, doesn’t take pictures and explained to that in his culture, taking pictures of living forms is forbidden. They can take pictures of objects, but not of pets or humans. Of course, in my culture we save pictures for memory keepsakes. After 7 years of marriage, he agreed to take a family picture with my sister and their three sons. It was a huge sacrifice in his part but this also explains how art, religion and culture have an influence on each other.

Effects of Radiation in Biological Systems

Effects of Radiation in Biological Systems As stated in the oxford concise colour medical dictionary radiobiology is the branch of science dealing with the effects of radiation on biological systems. It is further stated that a sequence of events that deals with the absorption of energy from ionizing radiation to the efforts of the organism in order to compensate for the effects of this energy absorption and the damage to the organism that may be produced. There are a number of topics of study in radiobiology. The effect of ionizing radiation together with how it affects living cells will be further explained. Bushong (1998:29-32) states that the biologic effects of ionizing radiation represent the efforts of living things to deal with energy absorbed by them, after an interaction with such radiation. Maintained by the author it is stated that when ionizing radiation interacts with a cell, ionization and excitations are produced in either critical biologic macromolecule called targets e.g. DND, or in the medium which cellular organelles are suspended eg. Water. Based on the site of these interactions, it can be classified as either direct or indirect. The effects of radiation on living cells vary, depending on the type, intensity of exposure and the cell as discussed by Tubiana and Dutreix (1990:22). Radiation is an emission of ionising radiation. Maintained by the above authors, at low levels, radiation damage can be repaired by living cells with no effects, however, higher doses leas to sterility, mutation, which confuses cells resulting in the reproducing rapidly cell death. Cell damage can result in two ways namely direct radiation action, which harms molecules directly and indirect, by ionizing molecules turning them into toxic compounds causing damage. Some of the other aspects that are going to be discussed and explained below are cell structure, cycle and death; irradiation of cells; direct and indirect effects of radiation; interactions of gamma rays with matter; foetal irradiation; cell survival curves; properties of cell survival curves; therapeutic implications; oxygen effect; factors influencing oxygen effect; the five Rs of radiobiology and lastly radiation protection. CELL STRUCTURE, CELL CYCLE CELL DEATH: Discussed by Ford (2001:5) Atoms form molecules which make macromolecules, then build complex organic structures, and then cell which are the main structural component of tissues as well as reflects all features of life. They have similar structures but specialize according to their location. Cells contain inorganic compounds as well as organic compounds. Henry and Suntharalingam (2006:12) explain that there are two categories of cells namely prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Maintained by the above author . Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and are surrounded with a nuclear membrane. They do not contain any membranous organelles e.g. Mitochondria. However. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells have membranous organelles as well as a real nucleus. They are more highly developed compared to prokaryotic cells. The cell cycle is defined as the interval between the midpoint of mitosis in a cell and the midpoint of the subsequent mitosis in both daughter cells according to Millar and Levine (1998:102). Maintained by the above authors it describes the stages through which a cell passes through as it replicates. The length of time a cell may take to complete the cell cycle is highly variable. The basic division of the cell cycle is mitosis and interphase. Cells may also be in a special state known as the resting phase when not making any effort to divide and cells in this phase are mostly terminally differentiated cells. According to Tubianna and Dutreix (1990:86) the M phase is the period where the cell actively divides into two daughter cells. There are two related events namely mitosis and cytokinesis. The synthesis and mitosis of the cell cycle are separate by two gaps, G1 and G2 when respectively, DNA has not been synthesised or DNA has been synthesised but other metabolic processes are taking place. Elizabeth (2003:1) explains that cells are generally most radio-sensitive in the mitosis and G2 phases and most radio-resistant in the late S phase. Maintained by the above author Cytokinesis completes the M phase, however cells do not always undergo cytokinesis, instead forming multinucleate giant cells. This can either be normal or can be due to errors in mitosis. Explained by Tubiana and Dutreix (1990: 89) Cell death of static cells is defined as the loss of specific function. For stem cells and other cells capable of many divisions, cell death is defined as the loss of reproductive integrity (reproductive death).the above authors further explain that when cells are exposed to ionising radiation, the biological effects of radiation results mainly from damage to the DNA, however there are also other sites within the cell that, when damaged may lead to cell death. The capability of a single cell to grow into a large colony shows that the cell has retained its reproductive integrity. IRRADIATION OF CELLS: Elizabeth (2003:10) explains that when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation the standard physical effects between radiation and the atoms or molecules of the cell. The biological effects of radiation result mainly from damage to the DNA; however, there are also other sites within the cell that, when damaged, may lead to cell deaths occur. Maintained by the above author a surviving cell that maintains its reproductive integrity and proliferates almost indefinitely into a large number of progeny is said to be clonogenic. Sensitive component for radiation-induced cell killing rests in the cell nucleus and not in the cytoplasm. When ionizing radiation is directly absorbed in biological material, the damage to the cell may occur in either a direct or indirect mechanism. DIRECT INDIRECT EFFECT OF RADIATION: According to Bomford and Kunkler (2006: 265) in direct action, the radiation interacts directly with the critical target in the cell. The atoms of the target itself may be ionized or excited, leading to the chain of physical and chemical events that eventually produce the biological damage. It is the dominant process in the interaction of high linear energy transfer particles such as neutrons or alpha particles with biological material. In direct action, caused by x-ray or gamma ray photons, the photon interaction with an atom in the cell produces a charged particle (electron) which subsequently interacts with DNA directly as discussed by Hendry and Suntharalingam (2006:24). Hall and giaccia (2006:44) explain that in indirect action, the radiation interacts with other molecules and atoms (mainly water) within the cell to produce free radicals which can, through diffusion in the cell, damage the critical target within the cell. It can be modified by chemical sensitizers of radiation protectors. Further explained by the above authors, Basic radiochemical reactions that may occur in water molecules disrupt by the passing of an ionizing particle which are highly reactive species that are produced in water, through the radiochemical reactions. These reactive species bring about the indirect radiation damage to biological systems by reacting and damaging the molecules in the cell. The free radicals that break the chemical bonds and produce chemical changes that lead to biologclcal damage are highly reactive molecules because they have an unpaired valence electron. About two-thirds of the biological damage by low linear energy transfer radiations e.g. X-rays , is due to indirect action and one-third due to direct action. INTERACTIONS OF GAMMA RAYS WITH MATTER: Discussed by Johnston and Fauber (2012:63)The steps involved in producing biological damage by the indirect action of x-rays are the primary photon interaction which includes he photoelectric effect, Compton scatter and pair production produces a high energy electron, high energy light charged particle in moving through tissue produces free radicals in water. Maintained by the above author the free radicals may produce chemical changes in DNA from the breakage of chemical bonds and the changes in the chemical bonds results in biological effects. FOETAL IRRADIATION: According to Isaac (2009:26) Foetal radiation is known as teratogen (causes birth defects). Between conception and birth, the foetus passes through different stages of development. When a mother is pregnant, the unborn child can be harmed by radiation which could result in the child having cancer and genetic defects. Due to the fact that the foetus would be highly sensitive to radiation, they are rapidly dividing, undifferentiated and have a long mitotic future. Elizabeth, M (2003:16) a human embryo exposed to a large amount of radiation before 2-3 weeks of gestation could result in a miscarriage. 4-11 weeks could result in severe abnormalities of organs and 11-15 weeks in mental retardation. However, after the 20th week, the human foetus is more radiosensitive and functional defects may occur. Effects of radiation on the foetus depends on two factors namely the dose to the foetus and secondly is the stage of development at the time of exposure. An important factor to note is that an abortion should be considered only when the foetal dose has exceeded 10 cGY. The principle effects of radiation on a foetus are foetal or neonatal death, malformations, growth retardation, congenital defects and cancer induction as maintained by the above author. CELL SURVIVAL CURVES: Discussed by Hall and Giacca (2006: 67) Cell survival curves which is the surviving fraction against the absorbed dose describes the relationship between the surviving fractions of cells that is the fraction of irradiated cells that maintain their integrity. Maintained by the above author, the cell survival against dose is graphically represented by plotting the surviving fraction on a logarithmic scale on the ordinate against dose on a linear scale. Typical survival curves for cells irradiate by densely ionizing radiation (low linear energy transfer). Tubiana and Dutreix (1990: 26) the type of radiation influence the shape of the survival curve. For densely ionizing radiation (high linear energy transfer) the cell survival curve is almost an exponential function of dose which is shown by an almost straight line on a log-linear plot. However, for sparsely ionizing radiation (low linear energy transfer) the survival curves show an initial slope followed by a shoulder region and then becoming nearly straight at high doses as retained by the above authors. The currently used model for describing the cell survival curve is the linear-quadratic model with constants Alpha and Beta. The ratio alpha/beta gives the dose at which the linear and quadratic components of cell killing are equal. PROPERTIES OF CELL SURVIVAL CURVES: Adhikar (2003:2) explains that for late responding tissues the survival curves are more curved than those for early responding tissues. For early effects the ratio is large and dominates at low doses however for late effects it is small and has an influence at doses lower than for early responding tissues. The above mentioned author goes on to explain that the effects of radiation on tissue as a function of dose are measured with assays and the measured results are presented in the form of cell survival curves and dose response curves. THERAPUTIC IMPLICATIONS: Bomford and Kunkler (2003:99) state that DNA being the target of ionizing radiation leads to several important therapeutic implications. The radiation damage that occurs in clusters that match the size of a DNA strand may be more effective in causing damage. The above authors further explain that drugs target DNA have synergistic effects with radiation whilst people with genetic defects due to radiation damage response may exhibit increased levels of DNA mutation or cell death. Points in cell cycle where the DNA is more susceptible to damage are also more sensitive to radiation and the cycling of cells has an impact on the radio sensitivity of the cell type. OXYGEN EFFECT: Franckowiak (2008:2) explains that when ionizing radiations transverse through matter, they gradually loose energy through various interaction processes along their path. For certain absorbers the rate of energy loss depends on the type of radiation as well as the density of the material. Maintained by the above author the rate at which energy is deposited as a charged particle travels through matter by a particular type of radiation is known as linear energy transfer which is a function of the mass and charge of the radiation. Carlton and Adler (2006:344) explain that Electromagnetic radiation, having no mass or charge produces fast electrons with negligible mass and a negative charge. Due to this, the probability of an electron interacting with an atom is relatively small resulting in the ionizations produced being distant and far from each other hence terming electromagnetic radiation as linear energy transfer radiation. In contrast to electromagnetic radiation, highly ionizing radiations e.g. Alpha-particles that have a predictable mass, have a greater chance of interacting with matter, producing short distance ionizations. Different linear energy transfer radiations produce different degrees of the same biologic response. However, equal doses of linear energy transfer do not produce the same biologic response. This was retained by the above authors. Travis (1989:207) explains that the ability of radiation with different linear energy transfers produce a specific biologic response called the relative biologic effect. It is a comparison of a dose of test radiation that produces the same biological response. Maintained by the above author ,when comparing the two types of radiation that differ in nature or energy, the relative biological effectiveness when compared, represents the absorbed dose which results in a given biological effect. Therefore the concept must refer to a well-defined biological effect of a particular level. FACTORS INFLUENCING OXYGEN EFFECT: Ford (2001:10) discusses that some of the factors that influence the oxygen effect are chemical, biological and technical. In chemical, the oxygen concentration may be increased by internal or external methods. In biological, if the patient suffers from chronic airways disease or other problems with oxygen transport, then the oxygen concentration will be lower and prevalence of hypoxic cells will be increased. However, in technical, these have minimal impact on the oxygen effect, maintained by the above author. THE FIVE RS OF RADIOBIOLOGY: Bomford and Kunkler (2003:236) explain that there are five Rs in the radiotherapy process namely; repair, redistribution, reoxygenation, repopulation and lastly radio sensitivity and these will be further explained below. REPAIR: This is one of the primary reasons to fractionate radiotherapy and there are three types of damage that ionizing radiation can cause to cells. These are lethal, sub lethal and potentially lethal damages. Maintained by the above authors, by splitting radiation dose into smaller parts cells are allowed to repair sub lethal damage depending on the ability to recognize damage, repair pathways and cell cycle arrest. However, normal cells with intact repair pathways are able to repair the sub lethal damage by the time the next fraction is delivered. However, if the dose rate is sufficiently low, repair may be able to take place during radiotherapy treatment which reduces the cell death and is one reason low dose treatment show reduces effectiveness to high dose rate treatment as stated by Isaac (2009:20). REDISTRIBUTION: Sunthalingam and Hendry (2006:12) state that redistribution occurs during low dose rate which may increase cell killing, although it is minimal compare to the increased repair. When radiotherapy is given to a population of cells, they may be in different parts of the cell cycle. A small dose of radiation delivered over a short time period will kill a lot of sensitive cells and less of the resistant cells. REOXYGENATION: Oxygenation status may change during treatment due to tumours being acutely or chronically hypoxic. Acute hypoxia is due to the closure of capillaries or arterioles supplying parts of the tumour. While closed, tumour cells become hypoxic and resistant to the indirect action of radiation. These vessels are usually closed for a short time but may occur during a fractionated dose of radiation. Splitting dose into fractions raises possibility of closed vessels being opened the next time, hence allowing the tumour cells to be killed as explained by Sunthalingam and Hendry (2006:13). Maintained by the above authors, chronic hypoxia is due to the poor vasculature of tumours and oxygen has to travel far to reach cells that are far. These cells are resistant to radiation, fractionated radiation therapy kills cells that lie close to capillary more effectively thus being able to move closer to their nutrition source becoming relatively toxic and these cells can be killed. REPOPULATION: Bomford and Kunler (2003:237) explain that repopulation is the increase in cell division that is seen in normal and malignant cells at some point after radiation is delivered. Repopulation of normal tissues occurs at different speeds depending on the tissue. Maintained by the above authors, early responding tissues begin repopulation and by increasing treatment over a certain time period reduces early toxicity in that tissue. However late responding tissue only begin repopulation after the radiation cause has being completed and therefore repopulation has minimal effects. Adhikar (2003:4) explains that repopulation of malignant tissues are when some tumours exhibit accelerated repopulation which is a dangerous phenomenon that must be counted if treatment time extends. Methods to do this include accelerated treatment with hyper fractionation to minimise late effects. RADIOSENSITIVITY: Radio sensitivity cells include haematological cell. Radio resistant cells include myocytes, neurons and tumour cells such as melanoma and sarcoma as explained by Adhikar (2003:4). RADIATION PROTECTION: As discussed by Carlton and Adler (2006: 153-155) there are three principles of personnel exposure reduction namely time distance and shielding. A decrease in time working with or in the vicinity of radiation will increase exposure and decrease the dose. Maintained by the above author increasing the distance between the source of radiation and the individual will decrease exposure. Bushong (1998:54) also mentions that shielding decreases the exposure that is used when time and distance cannot be implemented. Examples of shielding are gonad shields, lead aprons, lead line doors etc. CONCLUSION: As we all know now know, radiobiology deals with the effects of radiation in biological systems. Radiation is energy in the form of waves and particles that are emitted from a source that comes in many forms however it may not always be a dangerous thing. The forms of radiation that are especially dangerous to living things are those with energy sufficient to penetrate tissues and then ionize the atoms they pass along the way which damage tissues by disrupting normal cellular chemistry and are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Cell damage can result in two ways namely direct radiation action, which harms molecules directly and indirect, by ionizing molecules turning them into toxic compounds causing damage. Discussed above and throughout the assignment we see how a cell together with their structure until death occurs due to irradiation of cells by either direct or indirect effects of radiation. We also looked at interactions of gamma rays with matter as well as effects of foetal irradiation. Cell survival curves together with their properties as well as theraputic implications and oxygen effect were explained. The five Rs in radiobiology play an important aspect together with ways of protecting yourself and others from the harmful effects of radiation.

A Cup of Coffee :: essays research papers

The loud beeping of the alarm rudely interrupts a fitful night of sleep. The thought of reaching an arm out from under the warm covers to turn the alarm off seems like a bad idea. Out of bed, rise and shine! It is a new beginning to another day. The thought of leaving the warm bed still seems like a bad idea. Just a few more minutes sleep is what is wanted. Peace and quiet still abound as the other family members are still asleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wafting through the air, the enticing smell of hazelnut coffee tickles the nose with its sweet aromatic essence. It is the breaking point at which gives strength and motivation for leaving the warmth of the covers. Upon entering the kitchen the sounds of the coffee maker proclaims it’s promise to satisfy as it pop, pop, hisses and the aroma of the coffee caresses your nose and tickles your senses. With the coffee pot in view, the step quickens in order to reach the cabinet and get a big coffee mug. With a little bit of sugar to sweeten the coffees already sweet hazelnut flavor, the coffee pot proclaims that its job is done with a final pop and hiss. Pouring the hot black liquid into the mug watching as the sugar melts and becomes one with the coffee, a taste is taken, deciding that a little more sweetness is desired, a little more sugar is added, and upon second taste the senses explode in the mouth as the tongue declares, â€Å"it is good!† Taking t he cup to the table to drink the drink of life and ponder the days events as they might unfold, realizing that they probably won’t unfold as one would wish and that if they did life would not be as adventurous, thus brining your thoughts back to present and watching the birds as they to waken and begin feeding themselves at the feeder filled the day before. Holding the coffee mug as its warmth transfers to both hands, taking another drink and realizing that it is time for a refill, because one cup just isn’t enough.

Within-Class Ability Grouping Essay -- Essays Papers

Within-Class Ability Grouping As a future educator ability grouping is more than likely going to be a part of my classroom. I think it can and will be a valuable tool in effectively teaching all students of varying abilities. Ability grouping is a greatly debated area in the field of education. Opponents to the practice believe ability grouping is detrimental to learning and student self-esteem, but ability grouping, specifically within-class ability grouping, can be very effective in teaching children. The students are able to learn at a pace that is suitable to their individual abilities and teachers are able to construct lessons that are specifically geared towards each level. Within-class ability grouping necessitates flexibility and frequent interactions between student and teacher to determine whether or not the child is in the proper group. In ability grouping the "high achievers benefit from having to compete with one another" (Hollifield, ERIC database). The low achievers in a group of children of simila r level feel more comfortable and are, therefore, more willing to participate. Children should not be put into groups in every subject area, but rather in a few areas where grouping has proven beneficial. "Low-achieving students seem to learn more in heterogeneous math classes, while high and average achieving students suffer achievement losses—and their combined losses outweigh the low achievers’ gains" (Loveless, internet). Regrouping for mathematics and reading has proven effective. The students are in heterogeneous groups for most of the day, but then are grouped according to level for those two subjects. "Results indicate that regrouping for reading or mathematics can improve student achievement. However, the l... ...teacher Mrs. Petrigala: November 17, 2000; Michael’s first grade teacher Joshua Hammond: November 22, 2000; 10 year old son Sara Hammond: November 22, 2000; 12 year old daughter Works Cited Goldberg, Miriam L., Joseph Justman, and A. Harry Passow. The Effects of Ability Grouping. New York: Teachers College Press, 1966. Hollifield, John. "Ability Grouping in Elementary Schools." [online]. Http://ericae.net/edo/ED290542.htm. Lou, Yiping, et al. "Within-Class Ability Grouping: A Meta-Analysis." Review of Education Journal 66 (1996): 423-458. Loveless, Tom. "The Tracking and Ability Grouping Debate." [online]. Http://www.edexcellence.net/library/track.html#anchor393575. Slavin, Robert. "Ability Grouping and Student Achievement in Elementary Schools: A Best Evidence Synthesis." Review of Educational Research 57 (1987): 293-336.

Mary the Mother of Jesus Christ In the Qur’an

The genealogy of Mary the mother of Jesus according to Ali, 1935, started from the bloodline of Moses and Aaron’s father Imran and wife Hannah( 131).   Imran’s wife Hannah (Anne) was very excited that she conceived of a child so she offered it to God’s service again even when it was still in her womb (132). Hannah was thinking it was a male (132). After giving birth and realizing it was a baby girl, Hannah named her Mary (132).   The people cast lots with bows and arrows and disputed over the care of the baby girl Mary (134). Hannah then sought God’s guidance, protection and sustenance for her daughter Mary because during those times the Mosaic Law was in force and it prohibits females from temple service (132). After realizing that God must have plans for giving her a baby girl, she was inspired to commit Mary to the care of people who was directly related to her family. Hannah entrusted Mary to a priest Zacchariya who was already an old man and wife Elizabeth.   Elizabeth was her cousin as she was the daughter of Aaron (132).   She was already past her menopausal age so she does not have a child at the moment (132).   Zacchariya and Elizabeth took Mary just like their very own and housed her in a place that was secured and protected from harm (132).  Ã‚   Every now and then just like a real daughter, Zacchariya would check on the condition of Mary in her room (132).   Zacchariya would offer her food and other needs but all the time Mary was found to have abundant supply (132).   As a priest Zacchariya could not question Mary’s faith (132). Mary never lack in any material needs (132).   When Mary was asked where she got all those stuff, her answer would be God provided her everything she needs (132).   This kind of secluded life, a life away from socialization was the lot of Mary the daughter of Imran and Hannah up until she was about twelve when lo and behold! Angels who were in human form from nowhere appeared (134). They said God has picked you above all women on earth (134). At first she was adamant and scared and so she sought God’s help (771).   She then pleaded for them not to approach her until after she could veil herself up (771). Covered with a veil she conceded talking to her visitors (771).   The visitors informed Mary that they were messengers of God and they are here tasked to deliver to her some lessons to learn (134). They taught her whom to worship alone (134).   The visitors who were actually angels in human form taught her also how to properly prepare herself before worship and the proper way of doing worship to God (134).   She was told to bow down like a Muslim does and stand humble before God as those Muslims who bow down and worship God Alone (134).   She was very obedient and receptive that she followed all that they taught her (134).   So, the angels went away.   After sometime, one of them name Jibril (Gabriel) came back (134).   He said, this time he has a new message from God (134).   Mary was told that she will conceive of a child (134).   Of course she was stunned and dumbfounded (134). But the angel relieved her by saying only through the words of God â€Å"Be and it is†, then, this will be realized (134).   She submitted to the call but she added in her innocence saying, how will I ever get pregnant when I do not have any relationship with any male (135)?   The Angel answered that it is up to God on how to go about it (135).   Whatever God plans, it can happen there is no question on that (135).   The angels told her that she will be pregnant with a boy.   This boy she will have to name Christ Jesus (Isa), the son of Mary (134).   Mary conceived while she was in Nazareth of Galilee some 65 miles North of Jerusalem (772).   Because this pregnancy condition was a taboo in her country and people, and people would kill her for immorality, Mary must keep herself away from the probing kinsfolk and neighbors (772). So she was led by the Angel to a place called Bethlehem, around six miles South of Jerusalem (772). She stayed in seclusion until she delivered Jesus nine months later (772).   Mary was all alone when she delivered her child, so, she held on to the trunk of a palm tree to pull her strength up as she felt the pangs of birth and she cried because of pain that she said to herself, it could have been better if she died before and just laid to rest (772), but she was able to push out the baby successfully.   Alas! She heard a voice telling her not to be sad and to quench her thirst, wipe away her tears, and cool herself down with the spring water just flowing beneath the palm tree, and if she shakes the trunk of the tree the ripe dates would fall down for her to eat with delight (772). Amr bin Maymun said, â€Å"Nothing is better for the woman confined in childbed than dried dates and fresh dates† (http://www.tafsir.com/). When Mary regained her composure, she was also instructed not to talk to anyone, and if ever there are those who persist, just to tell them with a hand sign that she was fasting (772).   The area where she delivered Jesus was an obscure place and so she was thought to have moved the child to the manger in a stable (772). After gaining back her much needed strength and confidence, she decided to go back to her hometown carrying along the baby Jesus (773). But, to her dismay, her towns mate slapped on her face the fact that she was the sister of Aaron and that her father was not a bad man so as her mother was not a bad woman (773).   To all these however she did not say anything, but, she just pointed out her finger to the child she was carrying (773).   The people said how on earth a child can talk to us (773).   And to their amazement, the baby Jesus on her mother’s arms talked (773).   This was in defense of His mother Mary whose chastity was a special virtue and became an ideal for all nations to learn (843). Works Cited Ali Yusuf, Abdullah. The Holy Qur’an. Lebanon: Beirut. 1935.         

Owen’s ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ Essay

Writing in a similar style to Owen’s ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, Siegfried Sassoon also decided to attack figures of authority and those with no direct experience of trench warfare via ‘Base Details’. ‘Base Details’ is entirely speculative. The word ‘base’ in the title has two distinct meanings. It could be used as a noun, to mean ‘place’, as in a centre of operation; or you could interpret the word as an adjective meaning ‘morally low or unacceptable’. Sassoon has used play on words in the title so that the reader may more adequately perceive the irony and sarcasm expressed in this poem. The adjectives used in the first two lines of ‘Base Details’ reflect the author’s perception of his superiors: If I were fierce, and bald, and short of breath, I’d live with Scarlet Majors at the Base, The first line indicates that Sassoon is contemptuous of these officers. He has classed the Majors as unpleasant stereotypes, to be criticised and jeered at. In the following line, the word ‘scarlet’ has a double meaning. On face value, it could be taken to mean that the officers have bright red cheeks. However, Sassoon has used the word as a metaphor, meaning that the Majors have been metaphorically splattered with the blood of the young men they had sent to the front line to die. The stanza continues: And speed glum heroes up the line to death. Here, ‘speed’ indicates haste. The Majors are unnecessarily rushing soldiers to their deaths. The soldiers are referred to as ‘glum heroes’ because that is exactly what they are. Their country is expecting them to be noble, intrepid and courageous. Instead they are despondent because they know that as soon as they are out of the trenches their grisly demise could come about at any second. All the hope, joy and energy that is a part of youth has vanished from these men. Sassoon then regales us with further speculation thus: You’d see me with my puffy petulant face Guzzling and gulping in the best hotel, The first thing we notice about these two lines is that Sassoon has used alliteration in order to make more of an impact on the reader, and to vary his writing style. Also worth noting is the fact that Sassoon uses rhyme throughout ‘Base Details’ to good and memorable effect. Saying that the Majors are ‘puffy and ‘petulant’ indicates incredulity on Sassoon’s part, similar to that conveyed in the first lines of the poem. The phrase ‘guzzling’ and ‘gulping’ indicates greed, and animal-like actions. The Majors are inhuman. Then, we are told that the Majors stay in ‘the best hotel’. This brings home the stark contrast between the lives of the soldiers in the vermin-infested trenches, and the sedentary lives of their superiors. Sassoon continues: Reading the Roll of Honour. ‘Poor young chap’, I’d say. ‘I used to know his father well: Yes, we’ve lost heavily in this last scrap.’ The Roll of Honour referred to here was an official list of those who died in the war. The Major’s words regarding one of the deceased are not at all heartfelt. They are meaningless, detached and emotionally void. He is unconcerned and he has placed himself above feelings of pity for those lost and their families. Each new death is just another name on the register and another letter to be dispatched. In the last line of the stanza, the Major refers to trench warfare as a ‘scrap’ or ‘game’, which is identical to Jessie Pope’s view of war. This is a direct reflection of how little the Major knows about the fighting going on outside his quarters; and similarly, how unequipped he is for his job of directing troops. ‘Base Details’ closes with the following: And when the war is done and youth stone dead, I’d toddle safely home and die – in bed. By using the words ‘stone dead’ to describe the deceased soldiers, Sassoon makes a brutal and graphic impression on the reader. It is a cold and unfeeling phrase, and seems to render those who died as useless and unimportant. The Major wishes to die peacefully, and in bed – unlike those he sends out to the front. The Major considers himself superior in all aspects, even in death. ‘Base Details’ attempted to show the ignorant public back in Britain the hypocritical attitudes of many of these Majors; and how soldiers in the trenches were being treated in comparison to those who had obtained top jobs merely on the basis of their public schooling. Whilst ‘Base Details’ depicts the life of a typical Major serving during World War One, another of Sassoon’s poems, ‘The Hero’, depicts the sequence of events on the home front following the death of a soldier. The poem ‘Base Details’ by Siegfried Sassoon is a sarcastic attack against the army generals who view the war as a game similar to checkers. It is therefore evidence of why Siegfried Sassoon is known as the â€Å"voice of protest†. The first noticeable thing about the text is the title. The word base is a pun for the fact that base means headquarters as well as dishonourable or cowardly, which implies that he will talk about the dishonourable activities at the Army headquarters. Secondly, Sassoon appeared to have blamed the officers for the purposeless deaths of his fellow men, while they were behind the front line and had no idea what it was like. Sassoon uses many adjectives to describe his generalisation of those at the top â€Å"fat and bald and short of breath† which shows the hatred that he has. In this poem, Sassoon writes â€Å"poor young chap†¦I used to know his father well.† This statement alone is typical of an army general. To show the fact that army generals can not comprehend what war is like he uses the phrase â€Å"we lost heavily in this last scrap†. The army generals are calling this a scrap like it’s a fight between boys at school. Sassoon calls the army generals â€Å"Finally, Sassoon rounds the poem of with a phrase by reinforcing that they are unfit and fat. He also shows that those at the front line could die any moment by saying â€Å"When the war is done and youth stone dead, Id toddle safely home and die, in bed† which is a good ending because it says that the generals will die in a nice warm peaceful place, while the soldiers will die among the rats. Sassoon’s feelings towards the officers are best described in the poem ‘Base Details’. In this poem, Sassoon shows his resentment towards the officers by describing them drinking in the best hotels, and reading the names of those who died, saying ‘poor young chap †¦ I used to know his father well’ and saying ‘yes, we’ve lost heavily in this last scrap’. The poem is finished with the lines â€Å"and when the war is done and youth stone dead, I’d toddle safely home and die – in bed† This poem truly shows the bitterness and resentment Sassoon felt towards the officers. He felt that they didn’t really care about those who died, because they were safe themselves and had no idea of what was going on at the front line – calling the battle that was fought a ‘scrap’, like it was nothing more than a small fight. In the last two lines of the poem, Sassoon’s feelings are clearer than ever, the way he says that they’ll ‘toddle home and then die in bed shows that he thought that the officers were safe and living comfortably while the soldiers, who were actually fighting the war, were living in shocking conditions, where they would die at any moment. Sassoon uses many different ways to convey his feelings, and particularly his bitterness and resentment towards the war and the officers, but in all his poems, his true meanings are clear and he writes in such a way that shows us clearly what he thinks and feels about the war. BASE DETAILS – ESSAY In the poem, â€Å"Base Details†, SiegFried Sassoon expresses his great disgust towards the majors in the military. He is horrified and appalled at the way the majors act while men are dying out in the battle field. Mr. Sassoon is so furious towards the majors that it takes more than just one word to describe how indignified Sassoon is. These great feelings of anger are derived from the fact that the majors are living a life of luxury while sending young men â€Å"up the line† out into the battle field. This is all suggested in the title of the poem with the word â€Å"base† suggesting a military base, and/or a base person. And the word â€Å"details† suggesting a command, an assignment, and something or someone lowly. â€Å"Base Details† is a poem which expresses the feelings of the author towards military majors using differentiable types of imagery. The poem begins by Sassoon describing the majors as demanding, mean, and belligerent men. Bald, out-of-shape and full of gluttony. Sassoon categorizes the majors under the word scarlet signifying childless, bright redness from excessive drinking and yelling of anger. Sassoon presents to us the fact of the majors sending up the young men as soon as they are drafted â€Å"up the line to death.† This attitude taken from the majors is what angers Sassoon to the point of hatred. To convince the reader of such horrific truth, Sassoon describes how disrespectful the majors are with their â€Å"puffy petulant faces† from eating and drinking excessively. Sassoon states how the majors are stuffing their faces and â€Å"Reading the Roll of Honor† in safe luxurious hotels while men are dying out on the field

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism Essay - 1

Michelangelo, from Renaissance to Mannerism - Essay Example (Cheney, 47) Michelangelo’s ceiling in the Sistine Chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardo’s Last Supper, and Raphael’s School of Athens. The Last Judgment, was a paradigm of Mannerism as seen in the elongation of the figures and distortions of proportion. This is in contrast to his Florentine figures of Bacchus, David, and Doni Madonna which are formed in Gothic fashion. (Cheney, 54) Michelangelo was born in 1475 in a wealthy family near Florence. (Matthews and Platt,73) At the age of 13, he developed an extraordinary talent in drawing, and by his 14th birthday he was placed as an apprentice in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio.(Matthews and Platt, 73) It was in Ghirlandaios workshop that Michelangelo learned the fundamentals of fresco painting. Michelangelo’s ceiling in the Sistine chapel, is an example of Italian High Renaissance. Other examples include Leonardo’s Last Supper, and Raphael’s School of Athens. The style known as Mannerism was predominant Italy, France, Netherlands, Germany and Spain between 1530 and 1600. Michelangelo is the representative of Mannerism, who stated that foreshortening is among the most difficult in the art of painting. The Mannerist had to free himself from the realities of this earth like a visionary and soar into higher spiritual spheres. To be a Mannerist, one had to be an eccentric, withstand ingenious mental experiments, subordinate himself to the dominion of the intellect instead of natural intuition, enjoy toying with incongruous ideas, place the artificial before normality, be receptive to the theoretical side and be enthusiastic and delight in the reckless distortion of his materials. The traditionally-minded artists stayed on the Renaissance artistic scope. (Cheney, 56) The father and creator of the Mannerist movement was Michelangelo. The special groups of artists who copied the maniera di Michelangelo in the sixteenth century were known as

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Globalization - Essay Example Majority of the working mothers seek help from day care centres so that they can work more independently without any responsibility or hassel. (Darling, 2003, 290) They do not get enough time to teach moral and cultural values to their children. It is not much about ethnicity of mothers, but more about the economical, social and cultural back ground they belong. For example, children of separated or diviced parents seem to be more insecure and less confident. Such children are used by their parents to get their motives. Seperated parents use their children to justify their break ups. (Stoll, 2000, 202) When a child experiences all this happening around him, that makes him feel no body loves or want to have them in the whole world. When such children grow up they tend to have more apprehension and aggression and are more expected as grown ups to get into similar type of weak relationships. This has been observed that the rate of poverty is much lesser in married couples that is nearly 5.7%; as compare to single-parent family that is nearly 33.4%. Single mothers end up in getting welfare dependent. Single parent welfare programs and policies are a major cause of traditional nuclear family collapse and they contribute in lowering work and responsible conduct on part of parents. (Charles, Nickie, 2002, 02) Such programmes have also caused a sky scraping rate of break ups, which eventually results in even greater number of welfare recipients, a high rate of poor health conditions, crime, and behavioral dilemmas, lesser interest in education and add to the possibility of obstacles in future for such persons. Statistics reveals that children who are brought up in a single-parent family are more expected to be deprived and encounter more psychological and behavioral difficulties in life. They are more likely to start substance addition and get involved in criminal activities later in life. (Maccoby & Martin,

The impact of financial crisis on five USA companies Essay

The impact of financial crisis on five USA companies - Essay Example However, subprime mortgage loans given to individuals with less than perfect loan carrying capacity and declining home prices coupled with structural changes in the United States economy that had built up a huge deficit in trading with the rest of the world caused the bubble to burst. This left many with write-offs worth many billions and assets whose real value had declined substantially. Because the mortgages converted into mortgage-based securities sold to many around the world, the financial crisis turned global. Businesses now faced a changed business environment, uncertainty and problems raising funds. This dissertation examines the impact of the financial crisis of 2007 – 2009 on selected businesses headquartered in the United States of America. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the years 2008 – 2009 presented the world with the deepest global recession since the great depression and the most important of all reasons for this economic downturn was a global financial crisis (Berlatsky, 2010, Pp. 16 – 20). In an interlinked world, economic problems in one country were bound to have an impact on the others to threaten global financial stability. According to the previously mentioned author, prominent economists suggest that the United States economy that had been the envy of the world for many years now carried mountains of debt that endangered prosperity and the global economy. A desire on the part of Americans to own their homes had resulted in a massive increase in home prices in the United States of America and irresponsible lending at low rates of interest to many who were bad credit risks created a bubble involving rapidly increasing home prices that were to later collapse. In a market wit h collapsed property values, banks could no longer readily recover the amounts loaned to bad credit risks. Because many banks were involved in arrangements involving credit default swaps, the financial strains were to result in the collapse of

Molly Spotted Elk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Molly Spotted Elk - Research Paper Example It is therefore believed that Molly Spotted Elk’s life was â€Å"a trail of tears† or a life of sadness and pain. Childhood Molly Spotted Elk was always believed as a â€Å"remarkable person in any light†3 just like what a former director of the Penobscot Nation Museum thought of her. Moreover, the same director thought of her life as â€Å"one of the most amazing unknown lives of any modern American woman,†4 despite the fact that she must have lived a sad life made up of several challenges. The struggle of Molly Spotted Elk must have begun early in childhood. Molly was born on Indian Island, Maine on November 17, 1903 as Mary Alice. Her mother, Philomena Solis Nelson, was a Maliseet Indian and one of the most prominent basket makers of her day. On the other hand, her father, Horace Nelson, was then a future governor of the Penobscot Nation, and was the first member of that Indian nation to go to Dartmouth College. Moreover, Molly’s grandfather had once been a chief of the Maliseet tribe in Canada5. As a child, Molly was different from her seven younger brothers and sisters for she took a great interest in learning traditional dances when she was only 13 years old. She did this in order to financially support her family6. It could have therefore been that at this time, Molly must suffered greatly from having to work for her family at such a young age. Moreover, Molly’s suffering was also evident when she scrubbed floors at night in order to be able to study anthropology during the day. She did this after entering the University of Pennsylvania without having enough money to pay for her tuition7. Moreover, she struggled to make both ends meet for her and for her family as well because she even had to send money to her family from her scrubbing work aside from having to pay for her tuition fee. In fact, â€Å"[Molly] was hungry and she needed to [perform to survive]†8 just like all Penobscot people, who themselves had to work hard and struggle. This must have been difficult for Molly herself considering the fact that she was not only a working student but also that she was a Native American Indian. Career as a Dancer When Molly was a dancer for the vaudeville troupe of the famous rodeo named Tex, she was a dancing sensation everywhere she went. However, although she was, as her family remembered, â€Å"a happy and completely free spirit†9, Molly danced even â€Å"topless†10. This must have been exciting even for her but it does not change the fact that a woman who dances topless does not care much about her image and reputation. Molly must have therefore suffered much at this point in her life. Career as an Actress In 1928, Molly Spotted Elk’s friendship with a Hollywood producer made her star in â€Å"The Silent Enemy,† one of Paramount Pictures’ last silent movies. Molly played the role of Neewa, the daughter of the tribal chief. In the movie, she was amon g the Ojibwa Indians who struggled against hunger, which was the silent enemy of the Indian people before the coming of the white man. The problem was that Molly had to endure the harshness and cold of the Canadian weather in the process. To make matters worse, the movie was not a success at all11. Life in Europe After the failure of â€Å"The Silent Enemy,† Molly went to Europe briefly to dance in front of the Old World Royalty, which included